Silicon Valley wealth inequality deepens

Oct 14, 2023

In summary

One of the world's richest regions has some of its starkest divides, with its top 10% of households holding two-thirds of its wealth.

A new study of Silicon Valley wealth, income and other economic measures shows vast disparities in one of the country's wealthiest regions, with the top 10% of households holding 66% of the investable assets in the region last year.

In Santa Clara and San Mateo counties, just eight households held more wealth than the bottom 50% (nearly half a million households), according to the Silicon Valley Index, an annual report by the Silicon Valley Institute for Regional Studies, the research arm of Joint Venture Silicon Valley.

"We live in a capitalist system that is based on markets," said Russell Hancock, chief executive of the San Jose-based think tank. "There's rules to the game; the rules are fair. In Silicon Valley, we have some of the world's biggest winners."

Hancock added that the report highlights the need for more investments in education and "equipping people for success."

The institute defines Silicon Valley as Santa Clara and San Mateo counties, as well as parts of Santa Cruz and southern Alameda counties. The think tank also includes San Francisco in some of its metrics. The report focused solely on data from Santa Clara and San Mateo counties for its wealth analyses.

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Wealth inequality in Silicon Valley is more pronounced than in the U.S. overall, or globally, with the top 1% of households holding 48 times more of the total wealth than the bottom 50%, according to the report. That compares to 23 times nationally and globally, the report said.

The report estimates Silicon Valley's aggregate household wealth is nearly $1.1 trillion, when it counts ultra high net worth individuals.

The report marks the first time the think tank published wealth estimates that include data on these ultra high net worth individuals, who the institute defined as those with net investable assets of $30 million or more.

Such assets are those that are held in cash, or can easily and quickly be converted into cash, including checking accounts, certificates of deposits and retirement accounts. The group did not count houses, cars or other non-liquid financial holdings as investable assets.

"There's rules to the game; the rules are fair. In Silicon Valley, we have some of the world's biggest winners."

Santa Clara and San Mateo counties had 163,000 millionaire households in 2022, which the report defined as households that had more than $1 million in investable assets. That translates to less than 1% of the region's population holding about 36% of its wealth.

And an estimated 8,300 households held more than $10 million in investable assets, according to the report.

Conversely there were about 220,000 Silicon Valley households with fewer than $5,000 in total assets.

About 23% of Silicon Valley residents lived below the poverty threshold in 2021, a 3 percentage point increase from 2019. Two percent of Silicon Valley households, or about 22,000 households, did not hold bank accounts.

The report also noted that while income inequality was lessening statewide, down 1%, as well as nationally, down 3%, income inequality rose in Silicon Valley by 5% in 2021. Generally, the pace of income inequality growth since the 2009 recession has been twice that of the nation, the report said.

The disparities in Silicon Valley began in earnest in the 1990s, when the internet economy first took off, and grew more pronounced after 2010, following the Great Recession. The first two years of the pandemic exacerbated the inequality, the report said.

California's housing market is less affordable after mortgage interest rates drove up costs for many potential buyers last year.

The state is expanding mortgage relief to more California homeowners who are struggling through the pandemic. The program now covers second mortgages and loan deferrals, with a maximum total grant of $80,000.

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Thomas, Manhattan Beach

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Alejandro is a climate reporter who previously reported on issues of inequality for the California Divide team. He joined CalMatters from The Wall Street Journal, where he covered the West Coast for eight... More by Alejandro Lazo